How to Clean a Washing Machine: Complete Step-by-Step Guide

Summary

What: Deep cleaning washing machines involves removing detergent residue, mold, mildew, and bacteria buildup from drum, gaskets, filters, and dispensers using vinegar, baking soda, or commercial cleaners.

Who: Homeowners noticing musty smells, visible mold on door seals, reduced cleaning performance, or clothes emerging from washer with unpleasant odors.

Why: Many manufacturers recommend a deep clean every six months to prevent bacterial growth, extend appliance lifespan, and maintain optimal washing performance.

When: Clean monthly for heavy use, and every 6-12 weeks for moderate or light use, or immediately when detecting odors or visible mold growth.

How: Use natural cleaning methods with vinegar and baking soda through systematic process: clean gaskets, run hot vinegar cycle, scrub dispensers, run baking soda cycle, clean filters, and air dry.

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Introduction

Keeping your washing machine clean is an important step in getting your clothes clean. Skip it and you risk the growth of bacteria, mold and musty odors—exactly the environment you’re trying to avoid when washing clothes.

Neglecting your washing machine for too long can lead to big issues with energy efficiency, cleaning performance, and machine lifespan. Detergent residue, fabric softener buildup, hard water minerals, and moisture create the perfect breeding ground for mold and bacteria that transfer directly onto your supposedly clean laundry.

This comprehensive guide reveals exactly how to clean a washing machine using proven methods that eliminate odors, remove buildup, and restore optimal performance. You’ll discover step-by-step instructions for both front-load and top-load washers, learn which cleaning agents work best, and implement maintenance habits that keep your machine fresh between deep cleans.

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Why Does My Washing Machine Need Regular Cleaning?

Understanding why washing machines accumulate grime helps motivate consistent cleaning habits.

Detergent and Fabric Softener Residue

Every wash cycle leaves behind microscopic residue that accumulates over months. Over time, washing machines can develop a buildup of soap residue, fabric softener, and other debris that can cause unpleasant odors and affect the cleanliness of your clothes.

How Buildup Occurs:

• High-efficiency detergents concentrate in small water volumes
• Liquid fabric softeners create waxy coating on internal surfaces
• Low-temperature washes don’t fully dissolve detergent
• Excess detergent usage compounds residue problems

Mold and Mildew Growth

The damp environment inside the machine can lead to mold and mildew growth, which can pose health risks. Front-load washers face particular vulnerability due to airtight door seals.

Problem Areas:

• Rubber door gasket folds trap standing water and organic matter
• Detergent dispenser drawer collects moisture and soap scum
• Drum interior retains dampness without proper ventilation
• Filter housing accumulates wet lint creating bacterial environment

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Impact on Machine Performance

Removing the grease and grime that builds up over time can reduce wear and tear on your washing machine’s internal parts, reducing the risk of something breaking.

Performance Degradation:

• Heating elements coated with limescale consume more energy
• Clogged filters reduce water flow and drainage efficiency
• Sensor contamination causes inaccurate cycle readings
• Pump blockages trigger error codes and cycle interruptions

Signs Your Washing Machine Needs Cleaning

Here are a few signs your washer might need a thorough cleaning: Musty smells from the machine or your freshly washed clothes, visible mold or mildew, especially around the door seal.

Additional Warning Signs:

• Clothes emerge with unpleasant odor despite washing
• Visible residue or film on drum interior
• Water remains in gasket folds after cycle completion
• Detergent dispenser shows black or pink staining
• Machine takes longer to complete cycles

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What Supplies Do I Need to Clean My Washing Machine?

Before you begin, gather everything you’ll need to make the job quicker and more efficient.

Essential Cleaning Agents

White Distilled Vinegar (Primary Cleaner): White vinegar is a safe and gentle choice for regularly deep cleaning your washing machine. It effectively removes buildup and won’t damage your machine’s components.

• Purchase: 2-3 cups needed per cleaning
• Function: Dissolves mineral deposits, kills bacteria, removes odors
• Safety: Non-toxic, environmentally friendly, appliance-safe
• Cost: $3-5 per cleaning

Baking Soda (Deodorizer and Abrasive): Baking soda is a great deodorizer and works as a gentle abrasive to help get rid of hard water grime.

• Purchase: ½ to 1 cup needed per cleaning
• Function: Neutralizes odors, provides gentle scrubbing action, pH balancer
• Safety: Food-grade, non-toxic, septic-safe
• Cost: $2-3 per cleaning

Liquid Chlorine Bleach (For Severe Mold): If you have a mold or mildew problem, use bleach instead. Use it sparingly, ventilate your space, and always follow safety precautions.

• Purchase: ½ to 1 cup needed
• Function: Kills mold spores, disinfects, whitens surfaces
• Caution: Always check your owner’s manual before cleaning as it is not recommended for certain types of washing machines
• Ventilation: Open windows, run exhaust fan

Tools and Materials Required

Cleaning Tools:

• Microfiber cloths (3-4 for different areas)
• Old toothbrush or small scrub brush for tight spaces
• Spray bottle for vinegar solution
• Bucket or large bowl for soaking parts
• Rubber gloves for hand protection
• Shallow pan or towels for filter water drainage

Optional Supplies:

• Commercial washing machine cleaning tablets
• Essential oils (lemon, eucalyptus) for fragrance
• Magic eraser sponges for stubborn stains
• Flashlight for inspecting dark areas

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How Do I Deep Clean a Front-Load Washing Machine?

When deep cleaning your front-load washing machine, you must (1) clean the drum and gasket, (2) run a hot vinegar cycle, (3) scrub the detergent drawer and seals, (4) run a baking soda cycle, and (5) clean the filter and dry.

Step 1: Clean the Rubber Door Gasket

Start with a completely empty machine so you can reach every corner easily. Gently pull back the rubber gasket around the door, this spot often hides trapped water, lint, hair, and sometimes mold or mildew.

Detailed Process:

1. Inspect the Gasket Thoroughly
   • Pull rubber seal away from drum exposing all folds
   • Check for trapped debris, coins, small clothing items
   • Identify areas with visible mold or discoloration
   • Use flashlight to inspect deepest creases
2. Apply Cleaning Solution
   • For visible mold, apply a 50/50 mix of vinegar and water, let it sit for a few minutes
   • Spray solution generously into all gasket folds
   • Allow 10-15 minutes contact time for severe mold
   • For stubborn stains, apply straight vinegar
3. Scrub Thoroughly
   • Use microfiber cloth to wipe all accessible surfaces
   • Employ old toothbrush for tight crevices and stubborn mold
   • Scrub in circular motions applying moderate pressure
   • Repeat until no black residue transfers to cloth
4. Dry Completely
   • Wipe gasket with clean dry cloth
   • Ensure no moisture remains in folds
   • Leave door open for air circulation

Step 2: Run Hot Vinegar Cleaning Cycle

Start your hottest cycle and then pour 2 cups of vinegar into the detergent dispenser.

Detailed Process:

1. Prepare Machine
   • Ensure drum is completely empty
   • Close door securely
   • Select cycle settings
2. Add Vinegar
   • Pour 2 cups white distilled vinegar into detergent drawer
   • For machines without dispenser, pour directly into drum
   • Do not add detergent or other cleaning agents
3. Select Proper Cycle
   • Choose hottest water temperature available (ideally 60°C/140°F+)
   • Select longest cycle duration
   • If available, use “Clean Washer” or “Tub Clean” setting
   • Start cycle immediately
4. Allow Full Cycle Completion
   • Let machine run completely without interruption
   • Vinegar breaks down mineral deposits and residue
   • Hot water kills bacteria and dissolves buildup
   • Total time: 1-2 hours depending on cycle

Step 3: Clean Detergent Dispenser Drawer

While the machine is running, tackle the detergent drawer. Remove the drawer fully (most have a release tab). Soak it in warm, soapy water. Scrub with an old toothbrush to remove caked-on detergent and softener.

Detailed Process:

1. Remove Dispenser
   • Press release button or tab while pulling drawer
   • Completely extract drawer from housing
   • Remove removable inserts (bleach and softener caps)
2. Soak Components
   • Fill bucket with hot water
   • Add dish soap or 1 cup vinegar
   • Submerge all dispenser parts
   • Soak 30-60 minutes to loosen buildup
3. Scrub Thoroughly
   • Use toothbrush on all compartments and crevices
   • Pay special attention to fabric softener compartment
   • Scrub siphon tubes and small openings
   • Remove all visible residue and staining
4. Clean Housing Cavity
   • Wipe inside dispenser cavity with vinegar-dampened cloth
   • Use toothbrush for hard-to-reach corners
   • Remove all visible mold or soap scum
   • Dry thoroughly before reinserting drawer

Step 4: Run Baking Soda Cycle

Once that cycle is finished start another cycle by putting ½ cup of baking soda in the drum and running the same hot water cycle.

Detailed Process:

1. Add Baking Soda
   • Sprinkle ½ cup baking soda directly into empty drum
   • Do not add to dispenser drawer
   • Evenly distribute around drum interior
2. Run Second Hot Cycle
   • Select same hot water temperature as vinegar cycle
   • Choose normal or heavy-duty cycle
   • Allow complete cycle without interruption
   • Baking soda neutralizes vinegar odor and lifts remaining residue

Step 5: Clean the Drain Pump Filter

Finish by clearing the drain pump filter, usually found at the bottom front of the machine: Place a shallow pan or towels underneath. Open the filter cap carefully (some water will drain out). Remove debris like lint, coins, or hair, then rinse the filter under running water.

Detailed Process:

1. Locate Filter Access
   • Check bottom front panel for small access door
   • Consult owner’s manual if location unclear
   • Gather towels and shallow pan
2. Prepare for Water Release
   • Place pan directly under filter area
   • Lay towels around work area
   • Expect 1-2 cups of water drainage
3. Remove and Clean Filter
   • Slowly unscrew filter cap counterclockwise
   • Pull filter assembly straight out
   • Remove all trapped debris (lint, hair, coins, buttons)
   • Rinse filter thoroughly under running water
   • Scrub filter screen with soft brush
4. Clean Filter Housing
   • Shine flashlight into filter cavity
   • Wipe interior with damp cloth
   • Remove any visible debris or buildup
   • Ensure drain pump propeller spins freely
5. Reinstall Securely
   • Insert clean filter back into housing
   • Screw cap clockwise until hand-tight
   • Close access panel
   • Run quick rinse cycle to verify no leaks

Step 6: Final Wipe Down and Air Dry

Finally, leave the door and detergent drawer open for a few hours. This allows moisture to evaporate fully, preventing new mold growth and keeping your washer fresh.

Detailed Process:

1. Wipe All Surfaces
   • Clean drum interior with microfiber cloth
   • Wipe door glass inside and out
   • Clean control panel and exterior surfaces
   • Dry all visible moisture
2. Ensure Proper Drying
   • Leave door wide open minimum 2-4 hours
   • Pull detergent drawer partially out
   • Position machine in well-ventilated area
   • Consider small fan for faster drying if needed

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How Do I Deep Clean a Top-Load Washing Machine?

Cleaning your top-load washing machine involves five steps: (1) fill with hot water and add cleaner, (2) let it soak to loosen residue, (3) run a wash cycle, (4) scrub the agitator and lid, and (5) rinse and dry.

Step 1: Fill with Hot Water and Add Vinegar

Fill the top-loading washer with hot water and add two cups of white vinegar.

Detailed Process:

1. Set Machine to Hot Water
   • Select largest load size setting
   • Choose hottest water temperature
   • Start cycle to begin filling
2. Add Vinegar at Proper Time
   • Allow tub to fill completely with hot water
   • Pause cycle once full (before agitation begins)
   • Pour 2 cups white vinegar directly into water
   • Close lid briefly then reopen

Step 2: Soak to Loosen Buildup

Pause the cycle after the tub fills with water and allow the vinegar and water mixture to soak for an hour.

Detailed Process:

1. Allow Extended Soak Time
   • Leave machine paused with water and vinegar mixture
   • Soak minimum 1 hour for moderate buildup
   • Extend to 2-3 hours for severe residue
   • Vinegar penetrates and dissolves deposits
2. While Soaking, Clean Exterior
   • Wipe down exterior surfaces with vinegar solution
   • Clean control panel and knobs
   • Wipe lid top and edges
   • Clean any visible mold or soap scum

Step 3: Add Baking Soda and Complete Cycle

After an hour, add one cup of baking soda and restart the machine. Run another complete wash cycle on the hottest setting.

Detailed Process:

1. Add Baking Soda
   • After soak period, add 1 cup baking soda directly to water
   • Mixture will fizz briefly
   • This reaction helps lift loosened residue
2. Complete Full Wash Cycle
   • Restart machine to resume cycle
   • Allow full agitation cycle
   • Let machine complete drain and spin
   • Total cycle time: 45-60 minutes

Step 4: Scrub Agitator, Drum, and Lid

Use a scrub brush and a solution of equal parts water and vinegar to clean the agitator, drum, and other visible surfaces.

Detailed Process:

1. Clean the Agitator
   • If the agitator has a removable cap, you may be able to gently remove it and manually clean the inside with a cloth or scrub brush
   • Scrub all agitator surfaces with vinegar solution
   • Use toothbrush for crevices between fins
   • Remove fabric softener dispenser if present and clean separately
2. Scrub Drum Interior
   • Wipe entire drum circumference
   • Pay attention to area under rim
   • Clean any visible residue or staining
   • Use magic eraser for stubborn marks
3. Clean Lid and Rim
   • Scrub underside of lid thoroughly
   • Clean rim where lid closes
   • Wipe down lid top surface
   • Remove any visible mold or soap buildup

Step 5: Run Rinse Cycle and Dry

Wipe down the interior and exterior of the machine with a clean cloth.

Detailed Process:

1. Final Rinse
   • Run one additional hot water rinse cycle
   • No additives needed
   • Ensures all vinegar and baking soda removed
   • Prevents residue on next laundry load
2. Dry Thoroughly
   • Wipe all surfaces with clean dry cloth
   • Leave the washing machine door or lid open after cleaning to allow it to dry
   • Prop lid open minimum 2-4 hours
   • Ensure complete moisture evaporation

Special Considerations for Agitator Models

For an extra deep clean, clean the filter and agitator: Consult your owner’s manual to see how to remove the agitator and washing machine filter. Unplug the machine before removing any parts.

Deep Agitator Cleaning:

1. Removal Process
   • For agitator models, use a socket wrench to remove the bolt holding the agitator. Once the bolt is out, reach beneath to lift the agitator from the machine
   • Place removed parts in cleaning solution
2. Cleaning Method
   • Place the agitator into a bucket of hot, soapy water or a DIY cleaning solution of 2 cups of vinegar, 1/4 cup of baking soda and 1/4 cup of water
   • Soak 30-60 minutes
   • Scrub with soft brush
   • Rinse thoroughly and dry completely
   • Reinstall following manual instructions

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What Common Mistakes Should You Avoid When Cleaning?

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❌ Mistake 1: Mixing Bleach and Vinegar

Why It’s Problematic: Combining bleach and vinegar creates toxic chlorine gas that causes respiratory damage and can be fatal in enclosed spaces.

✅ Correct Approach:

• Use bleach OR vinegar, never both simultaneously
• If using bleach first, run complete rinse cycle before vinegar
• Wait minimum 24 hours between bleach and vinegar treatments
• Vinegar is safer for routine maintenance, reserve bleach for severe mold

❌ Mistake 2: Using Too Much Detergent Daily

Why It’s Problematic: Excess detergent leaves more residue requiring frequent deep cleaning and creates the buildup you’re trying to prevent.

✅ Correct Approach:

• Switch from using liquid to powdered detergent and don’t use liquid fabric softener. An appliance repair person gave me the tip to switch to powdered detergent and it definitely helped with odors
• Measure detergent precisely with provided cup
• Use HE detergent for HE machines
• Start with half manufacturer’s recommended amount

❌ Mistake 3: Closing Door Immediately After Cleaning

Why It’s Problematic: Trapped moisture creates perfect environment for rapid mold regrowth, undoing all cleaning efforts within days.

✅ Correct Approach:

• Leave the washing machine door or lid open after each load to allow it to dry
• Minimum 2-4 hours after deep cleaning
• Keep door ajar between all regular wash cycles
• Position machine where open door won’t obstruct traffic

❌ Mistake 4: Neglecting the Filter

Why It’s Problematic: Keeping your washing machine filter clean is essential for maintaining optimal performance and preventing unpleasant odors or clogs.

✅ Correct Approach:

• Clean filter monthly minimum
• Check after washing heavily soiled items
• Always inspect during deep cleaning
• Keep spare towels nearby for water spillage

❌ Mistake 5: Skipping Owner’s Manual Guidelines

Why It’s Problematic: Always check your washing machine’s use and care guide first for cleaning instructions. Some materials and methods damage specific models.

✅ Correct Approach:

• Review manual before first deep clean
• Note any manufacturer-specific warnings
• Follow recommended cleaning cycle if available
• Verify bleach compatibility before use

❌ Mistake 6: Not Removing Clothes Promptly

Why It’s Problematic: Remove wet laundry promptly to prevent mold growth both in machine and on clothing.

✅ Correct Approach:

• Set timer or phone alert when cycle completes
• Remove clothes within 30 minutes maximum
• Never leave wet laundry overnight
• If forgotten, rewash with vinegar added

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How Do I Maintain My Washing Machine Between Deep Cleans?

Regular maintenance can reduce the need for deep cleaning and keep your washing machine in top condition.

Daily Maintenance Habits

After Every Wash Load:

• Leave the washing machine door or lid open after each load to allow it to dry
• Wipe down the door seal (for front-loaders) after each use
• Remove visible lint or debris from gasket folds
• Pull detergent drawer slightly open for airflow
• Remove wet laundry promptly to prevent mold growth

Weekly Maintenance Tasks

Here are some weekly practices that help keep your washing machine in top condition: Run an empty hot water cycle with a cup of white vinegar to prevent buildup. Clean the detergent and fabric softener dispensers.

Weekly Routine:

• Run one hot water cycle (empty) with 1 cup vinegar
• Inspect gasket folds for trapped items
• Wipe door glass and exterior surfaces
• Check for standing water in dispenser

Monthly Maintenance Schedule

Complete Monthly Tasks:

• To keep your washing machine clean, clean it about once a month to eliminate bacteria, dirt and oil, and to prevent mold, mildew and musty odors from building up
• Run full vinegar cleaning cycle (2 cups)
• Clean filter thoroughly removing all debris
• Remove and soak detergent dispenser
• Wipe down all exterior surfaces
• Inspect hoses for kinks or damage

Quarterly Deep Maintenance

Every 3 Months:

• Perform complete deep clean following guide above
• Check drainage hose for clogs or standing water
• Inspect inlet hose screens for sediment
• Test machine level and adjust if needed
• Review maintenance log and address any recurring issues

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Frequently Asked Questions

How often should I clean my washing machine?

Deep cleaning frequency of your washing machine depends on your usage. Clean monthly for heavy use, and every 6-12 weeks for moderate or light use. Many manufacturers recommend a deep clean every six months. Clean immediately if you notice musty odors, visible mold, or reduced washing performance.

Can I use vinegar and baking soda together to clean my washer?

Use them sequentially, not simultaneously. Turn your washing machine to the hottest and longest cycle. Start your hottest cycle and then pour 2 cups of vinegar into the detergent dispenser. Once that cycle is finished start another cycle by putting ½ cup of baking soda in the drum. This two-step process maximizes cleaning effectiveness.

Is bleach or vinegar better for cleaning washing machines?

White vinegar is a safe and gentle choice for regularly deep cleaning your washing machine. It effectively removes buildup and won’t damage your machine’s components. If you have a mold or mildew problem, use bleach instead. Vinegar works best for routine maintenance, while bleach provides stronger disinfection for severe mold. Never mix them together.

Why does my washing machine still smell after cleaning?

Persistent odors after cleaning indicate trapped water in drain hose, uncleaned filter, mold inside inaccessible drum areas, or plumbing issues. Check that you cleaned all areas including rubber gasket folds, filter, and dispenser drawer. Ensure door remains open between washes for complete drying. If smell persists, inspect drain hose for clogs or standing water.

Can I put washing machine cleaning tablets in the dispenser?

The tablets used for cleaning a washing machine contain enzymes and other chemicals that remove buildup. Drop one tablet of washing machine cleaner into the washer tub. Run on your machine’s clean cycle. Place tablets directly in drum, not dispenser drawer, for maximum effectiveness. Follow package instructions for your specific machine type.

How do I clean a washing machine with hard water buildup?

For hard water mineral deposits, vinegar works particularly well. Vinegar is a strong acid that works really well to dissolve mineral deposits, dirt, grease, grime, and can even kill bacteria. Run 2 cups vinegar on hottest cycle, follow with baking soda cycle, and repeat monthly. Consider installing water softener or using polyphosphate filter for long-term solution.

Should I clean my top-load or front-load washer differently?

Yes, methods differ slightly. When deep cleaning your front-load washing machine, you must clean the drum and gasket, run a hot vinegar cycle, scrub the detergent drawer and seals, run a baking soda cycle, and clean the filter. Top-loaders require filling, soaking, and scrubbing agitator. Front-loaders need extra gasket attention and filter access from front panel.

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Conclusion

Regular washing machine cleaning isn’t optional maintenance—it’s essential for appliance longevity, laundry quality, and household health. Cleaning a washing machine can get your clothes cleaner and prolong the life of your appliance while preventing mold, bacteria, and unpleasant odors from developing.

Key Takeaways:

• Deep clean every 1-3 months depending on usage frequency, using 2 cups white vinegar followed by ½ cup baking soda on hottest cycle for natural, effective cleaning
• Leave door open after every wash for minimum 2-4 hours allowing complete moisture evaporation and preventing mold growth in rubber gaskets and drum interior
• Clean the filter monthly removing trapped lint, hair, coins, and debris that create foul odors and reduce machine drainage efficiency
• Wipe rubber gasket weekly pulling back folds to remove trapped water, lint, and organic matter before mold establishes in hidden crevices

The entire deep clean takes less than an hour of active work, with most time spent waiting for cycles to complete. This minimal investment prevents expensive repairs, extends appliance lifespan by years, and ensures every load emerges genuinely clean and fresh-smelling.

Make washing machine cleaning part of your regular household routine. Your clothes will smell better, your appliance will perform optimally, and you’ll avoid the costly consequences of neglected maintenance.